导语
美国癌症学会(ACS)于2016年1月7日发表了2016美国癌症统计数据,据预测,2016年美国将有1,685,210例癌症新发病例,595,690例癌症患者死亡。该报告发表在CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians杂志上。
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每年,美国癌症学会都会估计当年美国的癌症新发病例数和死亡数,形成癌症发生、死亡及生存的最新数据。病例发生数据由美国国家癌症研究所(健康,流行病学及最终结果[SEER]项目)、疾病控制及预防中心(癌症登记国家项目)及癌症登记中心北美联合会收集。死亡数据由美国国家健康统计中心收集。重要数据
据报道,女性癌症总发生趋势稳定,而男性癌症发病每年下降%3.1(从2009到2012)。下降原因主要是由于近期前列腺癌发病率的快速下降。自1991年以来,癌症死亡率下降了23%,意味着到2012年,避免了170万以上癌症患者死亡。虽然取得了这些进步,但肝癌、胰腺癌及子宫体癌的死亡率在增加。由于心脏疾病导致死亡率的大幅下降,癌症目前成为美国21个州死亡的首要原因。在儿童及青少年中(从出生到19岁),由于白血病治疗取得的巨大进步,脑癌已超过白血病成为癌症死亡的首要原因。癌症治疗的加速发展既增长了美国对于癌症研究的投资,也加强了已有癌症控制知识在全体民众中的应用。
癌症新发病例数
最常见癌症
FIGURE 1. Ten Leading Cancer Types for the Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths by Sex, United States, 2016.Estimates are rounded to the nearest 10 and cases exclude basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers and in situ carcinoma except urinary bladder.
预计癌症死亡数
一生当中的癌症发生风险
癌症发生趋势
FIGURE 2. Trends in Cancer Incidence and Death Rates by Sex, United States, 1975 to 2012. Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Incidence rates are adjusted for delays in reporting.
FIGURE 3. Trends in Incidence Rates for Selected Cancers by Sex, United States, 1975 to 2012. Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population and adjusted for delays in reporting. *Includes intrahepatic bile duct.
癌症生存趋势
FIGURE 9. Trends in Leukemia and Brain Tumor Occurrence Among Children and Adolescents (Aged Birth to 19 Years), 1970 to 2012.Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Incidence rates are adjusted for delays in reporting. Underlying mortality data provided by the National Center for Health Statistics (cdc.gov/nchs).
FIGURE 8. Trends in Death Rates Overall and for Selected Sites by Sex, United States, 1930 to 2012. Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Due to changes in International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding, numerator information has changed over time. Rates for cancers of the lung and bronchus, colorectum, liver, and uterus are affected by these changes. *Mortality rates for liver, pancreatic, and uterine corpus cancers are increasing.
癌症发生率、死亡率与种族